Published: 23 April 2021

Authors: Yet H. Khor, MBBS, PhD Lawrence Gutman, MD Nebal Abu Hussein, MD Kerri A. Johannson, MD Ian N. Glaspole, MBBS, PhD Sabina A. Guler, MD Manuela Funke-Chambour, MD Thomas Geiser, MD Nicole S.L. Goh, MBBS, PhD Christopher J. Ryerson, MD

Source: This abstract has been sourced from NZ Respiratory Research Review Issue 201

    Background

    Hypoxemia is a cardinal feature of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). The incidence,
    progression, and prognostic significance of hypoxemia in patients with fibrotic ILD
    currently is unknown.

    Research Question

    What are the epidemiologic features of hypoxemia and its additive prognostic value
    in a current risk prediction model of fibrotic ILD?

    Methods

    We identified 848 patients with fibrotic ILD (258 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    [IPF]) in five prospective ILD registries from Australia, Canada, and Switzerland.
    Cumulative incidence of exertional and resting hypoxemia from the time of diagnosis
    was estimated at 1-year intervals in patients with baseline 6-min walk tests, adjusted
    for competing risks of death and lung transplantation. Likelihood ratio tests were
    used to determine the prognostic significance of exertional and resting hypoxemia
    for 1-year mortality or transplantation when added to the ILD-GAP model. The cohort
    was divided into derivation and validation subsets to evaluate performance characteristics
    of the extended model (the ILD-GAP-O2 model), which included oxygenation status as a predictor.

    Results

    The 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall cumulative incidence was 6.1%, 17.3%, and 40.1%, respectively,
    for exertional hypoxemia and 2.4%, 5.6%, and 16.5%, respectively, for resting hypoxemia,
    which were significantly higher in patients with IPF compared with patients without
    IPF (P < .001 for both). Addition of exertional or resting hypoxemia to the ILD-GAP model
    improved 1-year mortality and transplantation prediction (P < .001 for both). The ILD-GAP-O2 model showed improved discrimination (C-index, 0.80 vs 0.75) and model fit (Akaike
    information criteria, 400 vs 422) in the validation cohort, with comparable calibration.

    Interpretation

    Patients with IPF have higher cumulative incidence of exertional and resting hypoxemia
    than patients without IPF. The extended ILD-GAP-O2 model provides additional risk stratification for 1-year prognosis in fibrotic ILD.

    Link to article

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